NCERT CLASS 12 | TOPIC : PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION | QB-1 | NEET BIOLOGY ONLINE TEST

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NCERT CLASS 12 | TOPIC : PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION | QB-1 | NEET BIOLOGY ONLINE TEST

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It contains 00 important questions. Choose the most correct answer. Then check your answer. Try again if there are errors. Regards : www.onlinetest.kalvisolai.com

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1 ➤ 1. Mendel was born in

(a) 17th century (b) 18th century (c) 19th century (d) 8th century

2 ➤ 2. Mendel was the native of

(a) France (b) Sweden (c) India (d) Austria

3 ➤ 3. Mendel proposed which of the following terms for hereditary units?

(a) Factor (determiner) (b) Genome (c) Genetic particle (d) None of these

4 ➤ 4. In genetics, the use of chequer board was done by

(a) Mendel (b) Correns (c) Punnet (d) Darwin

5 ➤ 5. In 1900 CE, three biologists independently discovered Mendel’s principles. They are

(a) De Vries, Correns and Tschermak (b) Sutton, Morgan and Bridges (c) Avery, MacLeod and McCarty (d) Bateson, Punnet and Bridges

6 ➤ 6. Which of the following has been used for genetic researches?

(a) Pisum (b) Neurospora (c) E. coli (d) All of these

7 ➤ 7. Organism of pure line is that which produces individuals of

(a) Dominant characters (b) Recessive characters (c) Its own characters (d) Intermediate type

8 ➤ 8. Mendel is famous for his work on

(a) Pisum (b) Drosophila (c) Neurospora (d) Oenothera

9 ➤ 9. The main reason for the success of Mendel was

(a) Study of all the characters at the same time (b) Study of one character at one time (c) Study of all the plants at the same time (d) Counting of plants

10 ➤ 10. The alleles are

(a) A pair of genes governing a specific character such as tallness or dwarfness. (b) Multiple forms of genes. (c) Genes governing eye characters. (d) Genes present in allosomes.

11 ➤ 11. An allele is said to be dominant if

(a) It is expressed only in heterozygous combination. (b) It is expressed only in homozygous combination. (c) It is expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous condition. (d) It is expressed only in second generation.

12 ➤ 12. What is the correct sequence of the following events?

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1. Formation of the chromosome theory of heredity.

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2. Experiments which proved that DNA is the hereditary material.

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3. Mendel’s laws of inheritance discovery.

(a) 1, 3 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 3, 1 and 2 (d) 2, 1 and 3

13 ➤ 13. When a true breeding pea plant that has yellow seeds is pollinated by a plant that has green seeds, then all the F1 plants have yellow seeds. This means that the allele for yellow is

(a) Heterozygous (b) Dominant (c) Recessive (d) Lethal

14 ➤ 14. An organism’s genetic constitution is called its

(a) Genotype (b) Phenotype (c) Holotype (d) None of these

15 ➤ 15. An organism with two identical alleles for a given trait is

(a) Homozygous (b) Segregating (c) Dominant (d) A hermaphrodite

16 ➤ 16. What type of gametes will be formed by genotype RrYy?

(a) RY, Ry, rY, ry (b) RY, Ry, ry, ry (c) Ry, Ry, Yy, ry (d) Rr, RR, Yy, YY

17 ➤ 17. Which genotype characterizes an organism that is heterozygous for two genes?

(a) RRYy (b) RrYY (c) RRYY (d) RrYy

18 ➤ 18. The dwarfness in plants of F2 generation is

(a) Recessive (b) Dominant (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

19 ➤ 19. When heterozygous tall plants are self-pollinated, then tall and dwarf plants are obtained. This explains

(a) Law of purity of gamete (b) Segregation of law (c) Division in spores (d) Independent assortment

20 ➤ 20. Mendel’s principle of segregation was based on the separation of alleles in the garden pea during

(a) Pollination (b) Embryonic development (c) Seed formation (d) Gamete formation

21 ➤ 21. Which of the following is the dominant character according to Mendel?

(a) Dwarf plant and yellow fruit (b) Terminal fruit and wrinkled seed (c) White testa and yellow pericarp (d) Green coloured pod and rounded seed

22 ➤ 22. In Mendelism, the linkage was not observed due to

(a) Mutation (b) Independent assortment (c) Synapsis (d) Crossing over

23 ➤ 23. Mendel’s law of heredity can be explained with the help of

(a) Mitosis (b) Meiosis (c) Both mitosis and meiosis (d) None of these

24 ➤ 24. A cross between plants having RRYY and rryy composition will yield plants with

(a) Round and yellow seeds (b) Round and green seeds (c) Wrinkled and yellow seeds (d) Wrinkled and green seeds

25 ➤ 25. The genotype of an individual is Rr Bb. How many different types of gametes will it produce based on the law of independent assortment?

(a) 16 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 4

26 ➤ 26. Which of the following is heterozygous for two pairs of alleles?

(a) TTRR (b) TrRR (c) ttrr (d) TrtR

27 ➤ 27. In Mendel’s experiment, nature of seed coat, flower colour, position of flower, pod colour, stem height, etc., are referred to as

(a) Alleles (b) Genotypes (c) Phenotypes (d) All of these

28 ➤ 28. A cross between a homozygous recessive and a heterozygous plant is called

(a) Monohybrid cross (b) Dihybrid cross (c) Test cross (d) Back cross

29 ➤ 29. Cross between F1 plant and recessive female plant is called

(a) Back cross (b) Test cross (c) Out cross (d) Mutation

30 ➤ 30. In F2 generation, a phenotypic ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 exhibits

(a) Back cross (b) Monohybrid test cross (c) Lethality (d) Dihybrid test cross

31 ➤ 31. Which of the following depicts the Mendel’s dihybrid ratio?

(a) 3 : 1 (b) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (c) 9 : 7 (d) 15 : 1

32 ➤ 32. In dihybrid cross, out of 16 plants obtained, the number of genotypes will be

(a) 4 (b) 9 (c) 16 (d) 12

33 ➤ 33. Pure homozygous offsprings in a dihybrid cross in the F2 generation will be

(a) 1/2 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/8 (d) 1/ 16

34 ➤ 34. In hybridization, Tt × tt gives rise to the progeny of ratio

(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2 : 1

35 ➤ 35. Self-pollination between Tt and Tt plants results into the genotype ratio of

(a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 4 : 0

36 ➤ 36. Mendel crossed a pure white-flowered recessive pea plant with a dominant pure red-flowered plant. The first generation of hybrids from the cross should show

(a) 50 per cent white-flowered and 50 per cent red-flowered plants (b) All red-flowered plants (c) 75 per cent red-flowered and 25 per cent white-flowered plants (d) All white-flowered plants

37 ➤ 37. If in a dihybrid cross, Mendel had used two such characters which have linked, he would have faced difficulty in explaining the results on the basis of his

(a) Law of segregation (b) Law of multiple factor hypothesis (c) Law of independent assortment (d) Law of dominance

38 ➤ 38. From a cross Aa BB × aa BB, which of the following genotypic ratio will be obtained in F1 generation?

(a) 1 Aa BB : 1 aa BB (b) 1 Aa BB : 3 aa BB (c) 3 Aa BB : 1 aa BB (d) All Aa BB : No aa BB

39 ➤ 39. A farmer crossed a walnut combed chicken with a single combed one and obtained all walnut combed chickens in F1. The genotype of the parents was

(a) Rr Pp × rr pp (b) RR PP × rr pp (c) RR pp × rr pp (d) RR Pp × rr pp

40 ➤ 40. In sweet peas, genes C and P are necessary for colour in flowers. The flowers are white in the absence of either or both the genes. What will be the percentage of coloured flowers in the offspring of the cross Cc pp × cc Pp?

(a) 100% (b) 75% (c) 25% (d) 50%

41 ➤ 41. In a monohybrid cross, 120 plants are obtained. The ratio of homozygous and heterozygous will be

(a) 40 : 80 (b) 60 : 60 (c) 20 : 100 (d) 10 : 110

42 ➤ 42. If Mendel had studied the seven traits using a plant with 12 chromosomes instead of 14, in what way would his interpretation have been different?

(a) He could have mapped the chromosome. (b) He would have discovered blending or incomplete dominance. (c) He would not have discovered the law of independent assortment. (d) He would have discovered sex linkage.

43 ➤ 43. How many different types of genetically different gametes will be produced by a heterozygous plant having the genotype AABbCc?

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 9

44 ➤ 44. Mendel’s law of independent assortment is applicable for

(a) All genes in all organisms (b) All genes of pea plant only (c) All linked genes only (d) All non-linked genes only

45 ➤ 45. In a plant, red fruit (R) is dominant over yellow fruit (r) and tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t). If a plant with RRTt genotype is crossed with a plant that is rrtt, then

(a) 75 per cent will be tall with red fruit (b) All the offspring will be tall with red fruit (c) 25 per cent will be tall with red fruit (d) 50 per cent will be tall with red fruit

46 ➤ 46. When a tall plant with rounded seeds (TTRR) is crossed with a dwarf plant with wrinkled seeds (ttrr), then the generation consists of tall plants with rounded seeds. How many types of gametes a plant would produce?

(a) One (b) Three (c) Four (d) Eight

47 ➤ 47. Mendel did his experiment on

(a) Garden pea (Pisum sativum) (b) Snapdragon (c) Drosophila (d) Lathyrus odoratus

48 ➤ 48. How many contrasting traits are chosen by Mendel?

(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 21 (d) 4

49 ➤ 49. Mendel conducted an experiment on garden pea for how many years?

(a) 7 (b) 10 (c) 4 (d) 15

50 ➤ 50. Select the incorrect matching.

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A) B) C) D)

51 ➤ 51. Number of character of garden pea fl ower chosen by Mendel?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

52 ➤ 52. Select the false statement from the following:

(a) Mendel for the fi rst time applied statistical analysis and mathematical logics to problems in biology. (b) Mendel’s experiment had a large sampling size, which gave greater credibility to the data that he collected. (c) Mendel conducted artifi cial cross-pollination experiment using true-breeding pea lines. (d) Mendel selected 14 true-breeding pea plant varieties, as pairs which were similar except for two characters with contrasting traits.

53 ➤ 53. In Mendelian dihybrid cross, how many individuals are homozygous dominant for both the genes in F2 generation?

(a) 1/16 (b) 2/16 (c) 4/16 (d) 6/16

54 ➤ 54. In Mendelian dihybrid cross, how many individuals are homozygous recessive for one of the character only in F2 generation?

(a) 1/16 (b) 2/16 (c) 3/16 (d) 6/16

55 ➤ 55. In Mendelian dihybrid cross, how many individuals are heterozygous of both the character in F2-generation?

(a) 1/16 (b) 2/16 (c) 3/16 (d) 4/16

56 ➤ 56. In Mendelian dihybrid cross, how many of progeny in F2 generation possess genotype rryy?

(a) 1/16 (b) 2/16 (c) 3/16 (d) 4/16

57 ➤ 57. How many genotypes are formed in Mendelian dihybrid cross?

(a) 4 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 8

58 ➤ 58. The below diagram shows:

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(a) Monohybrid cross (b) Dihydrid cross (c) Trihydrid cross (d) All the above

59 ➤ 59. The below diagram represents

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(a) Back cross (b) Out cross (c) Test cross (d) Dihybrid cross

60 ➤ 60. The below diagram represents

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(a) Dominant epistasis (b) Recessive epistasis (c) Incomplete dominance (d) Co-dominance

61 ➤ 61. Identify A to E in this figure.

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(a) A: Petal; B: Stigma; C: Anther; D: Stamen; E: Carpel (b) A: Anther; B: Petal; C: Stigma; D: Carpel; E: Stamen (c) A: Carpel; B: Stamen; C: Anther; D: Stigma; E: Petal (d) A: Stigma; B: Petal; C: Stamen; D: Anther; E: Carpel

62 ➤ 62. Identify A, B, C and D in this figure?

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(a) A: Female parent; B: Removal of anthers (Emasculation); C: Transfer of pollen (Pollination); D: Male parent (b) A: Male parent; B: Female parent; C: Removal of anthers (Emasculation); D: Transfer of pollen (Pollination) (c) A: Removal of anthers (Emasculation); B: Female parent; C: Transfer of pollen (Pollination); D: Male parent (d) A: Female parent; B: Male parent; C: Transfer of pollen (Pollination); D: Removal of anthers (Emasculation)

63 ➤ 63. Inheritance of ABO blood group system is an example of

(a) Multiple allelism (b) Partial dominance (c) Epistasis (d) Dominance

64 ➤ 64. Genotype of blood group ‘A’ will be

(a) IAIA (b) I BI B (c) IAIA or IAIO (d) IAIO

65 ➤ 65. Blood group ‘B’ will have alleles

(a) ii (b) IAIA (c) I BI B (d) I AI B

66 ➤ 66. If one parent belongs to ‘A’ blood group and the other to ‘O’ blood group, their children possibly represent

(a) A and B groups only (b) AB only (c) A and O groups only (d) All four groups

67 ➤ 67. If a child has O type of blood group and the father has B type, then the genotype of the father will be

(a) I OI O (b) I AI B (c) I OI B (d) I BI B

68 ➤ 68. A person with antigens ‘B’ in RBC and antibodies ‘A’ in the plasma belongs to the blood group

(a) A (b) B (c) AB (d) O

69 ➤ 69. Rh factor may be responsible for

(a) Turner’s syndrome (b) AIDS (c) Sickle-cell anaemia (d) Erythroblastosis fetalis

70 ➤ 70. A human female with blood group ‘A’ has

(a) Antibody-anti-B in the red blood cells and antigen A in the serum (b) Antigen A in the red blood cells and antibody-anti-B in the serum (c) Antigen B in the red blood cells and antibody-anti-B in the serum (d) Antigen A in the red blood cells and antibody-anti-A in the serum

71 ➤ 71. Rh factor is named after

(a) Man (b) Rat (c) Monkey (d) Chimpanzee

72 ➤ 72. If one parent has blood group A and the other parent has blood group B, the offspring have which blood group?

(a) AB (b) O (c) BO (d) A, B, AB, O

73 ➤ 73. Mendel did not recognize the linkage phenomenon in his experiments because

(a) There were many chromosomes to handle. (b) Characters he studied were located on different chromosomes. (c) He did not have powerful microscope. (d) He studied only pure plants.

74 ➤ 74. Exchange of genetic material between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is called

(a) Synapsis (b) Chiasmata (c) Transformation (d) Crossing over

75 ➤ 75. In maize, the chromosome number is 2n = 20. The number of linkage groups in it will be

(a) 20 (b) 40 (c) 10 (d) 5

76 ➤ 76. The map distance between genes A and B is 3 units, between B and C is 10 units and between C and A is 7 units. The order of the genes in a linkage map constructed on the above data would perhaps be

(a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) B, C, A (d) B, A, C

77 ➤ 77. Crossing over in diploid organism is responsible for

(a) Dominance of genes (b) Linkage between genes (c) Segregation of alleles (d) Recombination of linked allele

78 ➤ 78. The percentage of crossing over will be more if

(a) Linked genes are located far apart from each other (b) Linked genes are located close to each other (c) Genes are not linked (d) Genes are located in a different cell

79 ➤ 79. Linkage was first observed in

(a) Field pea (b) Sweet pea (c) Pea (d) Grass pea

80 ➤ 80. Drosophila has four pairs of chromosomes. How many linkage groups does it have?

(a) Eight (b) Four (c) One less than the pairs of chromosomes (d) One more than the pairs of chromosomes

81 ➤ 81. Linkage in Drosophila was first discovered by

(a) Morgan (b) Bateson and Punnett (c) Sturtevant (d) Bridges

82 ➤ 82. Number of linkage groups in Pisum sativum is

(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9

83 ➤ 83. Who coined the term linkage?

(a) Mendel (b) Tschermak (c) Sturtevant (d) T. H. Morgan

84 ➤ 84. In humans, the chromosomal condition of male is

(a) 44 AA + XO (b) 44 AA + XX (c) 44 AA + XY (d) 44 AA + XXY

85 ➤ 85. Physical association of two genes is known as

(a) Heterozygosis (b) Linkage (c) Recombination (d) Homozygosis

86 ➤ 86. Find out the incorrect statement.

(a) Morgan carried out several dihybrid crosses in drosophila to study the genes that were sex linked. (b) Sturtevant used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes and mapped their position on chromosome. (c) Henking gave the term X-body. (d) Boveri united the knowledge of chromosomal segregation with Mendelian principles and called it the chromosomal theory of inheritance.

87 ➤ 87. Which cross shows very tight linkage?

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(a) Cross A (b) Cross B (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

88 ➤ 88. Why drosophila melanogaster is suitable for the study of genetical variation?

(a) Could be grown on simple synthetic medium in laboratory. (b) Complete life cycle is 2 weeks and single mating produces a large number of progeny fl ies. (c) Clear sexual dimorphism is present and many types of heredity variation can be seen with low power microscope. (d) All of these

89 ➤ 89. Cytological observation made in a many number of ________ led to the development of the concept of genetic/chromosomal basis of sex determination

(a) Mammals (b) Birds (c) Humans (d) Insects

90 ➤ 90. Who discovered X-body but could not explain its signifi cance?

(a) Mendel (b) Morgan (c) Henking (d) De vries

91 ➤ 91. X-body of Henking was

(a) Nucleus (b) Lipid (c) Chromosome (d) Ribosomes

92 ➤ 92. X-chromosome is used in the determination of sex; therefore, it is known as

(a) Autosomes (b) Sex chromosomes (c) Microsomes (d) Oxysomes

93 ➤ 93. Which type of sex-determination is found in grasshopper?

(a) XO type (b) XY type (c) ZW type (d) Any of these

94 ➤ 94. In the number of insects and mammals the type of sex determination is

(a) XO type (b) XY type (c) ZW type (d) Any of these

95 ➤ 95. Male is homogametic in

(a) Drosophila (b) Human (c) Fowl (d) All of these

96 ➤ 96. How many chromosomes are present in human male?

(a) 22 Pairs + XX (b) 22 Pairs + YY (c) 22 Pairs + XY (d) 21 Pairs + XY

97 ➤ 97. The below figure possess which of the following sex chromosomes?

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(a) XX (b) XY (c) ZZ (d) ZW

98 ➤ 98. The below diagram shows

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(a) M and F drosophila, respectively (b) M and F housefly, respectively (c) F and M drosophila, respectively (d) F and M housefly, respectively

99 ➤ 99. Which of the following is responsible for sex of the chicks?

(a) Sperm (b) Egg (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

100 ➤ 100. Find out the correct statement.

(a) Genetic makeup of the egg determines the sex of the child in human. (b) Genetic makeup of the sperm determines the sex of the child in human. (c) XO and XY type of sex determination is an example of female heterogamety. (d) Henking (1891) could trace a specific nuclear structure all through oogenesis of few insects.

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