NCERT CLASS 12 | TOPIC : PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION | QB-2 | NEET BIOLOGY ONLINE TEST

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NCERT CLASS 12 | TOPIC : PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION | QB-2 | NEET BIOLOGY ONLINE TEST

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It contains 94 important questions. Choose the most correct answer. Then check your answer. Try again if there are errors. Regards : www.onlinetest.kalvisolai.com

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1 ➤ 101. Female heterogamety is found in

(a) Human (b) Drosophila (c) Chicks (d) All of these

2 ➤ 102. Why Mendel’s work was not recognized till 1900?

(a) His work could not be widely published. (b) His concept of factor (stable and discrete units that control expression of trait) was not accepted by his contemporaries. (c) His approach of using mathematics to explain biological phenomenon was totally new and unacceptable by many of the biologists of his time. (d) All of these

3 ➤ 103. How many scientists rediscovered mendelism in 1900 independently?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

4 ➤ 104. Mendelian rediscoverers are

(a) De Vries, Holland (b) Correns, Germany (c) Von Tschermak, Austria (d) All of these

5 ➤ 105. Who noted that the behaviour of chromosomes was parallel to the behaviour of genes and uses chromosome movement to explain Mendel’s law?

(a) T. H. Morgan (b) Hugo de Vries (c) Sutton and Boveri (d) Beadle and Tatum

6 ➤ 106. Which of the below column A and B represents genes and chromosomes?1. [A] Occur in pairs. - [B] 2. Occur in pairs. 3. [A] Segregate at the time of gamete formation such that only one of each pair is transmitted to a gamete. 4. [B] Segregate at the time of gamete formation and only one of each pair is transmitted to a gamete. 5. [A] Independent pairs segregate independently of each other. 6. [B] One pair segregates independently of another pair.

(a) A: Gene, B: Gene (b) A: Chromosome, B: Chromosome (c) A: Gene, B: Chromosome (d) A: Chromosome. B; Gene

7 ➤ 107. Which of the diagrams represents independent assortment?

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(a) A only (b) B only (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

8 ➤ 108. Identify A and B in this figure.

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(a) A: Male, B: Female (b) A: Female, B: Male (c) A: Male, B: Male (d) A: Female, B: Female

9 ➤ 109. The method for analyzing inheritance pattern of traits in human being is

(a) DNA finger printing (b) Control cross (c) Pedigree analysis (d) All of these

10 ➤ 110. The standard symbol used for consanguineous mating in pedigree analysis is

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A) B) C) D)

11 ➤ 111. Select the correct matching regarding standard symbol of pedigree analysis.

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(a) A : 2, B : 1, C : 4, D : 2 (b) A : 2, B : 1, C : 2, D : 4 (c) A : 1, B : 2, C : 2, D : 4 (d) A : 1, B : 2, C : 4, D : 2

12 ➤ 112. Which symbol represents parents with male child affected with diseases?

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A) B) C) D)

13 ➤ 113. Which of the following symbol is not used in pedigree analysis?

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A) B) C) D)

14 ➤ 114. The following pedigree shows

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(a) Autosomal dominant trait (b) Autosomal recessive trait (c) X-linked recessive trait (d) X-linked dominant trait

15 ➤ 115. The following pedigree shows

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(a) Autosomal dominant trait (b) Autosomal recessive trait (c) X-linked recessive trait (d) X-linked dominant trait

16 ➤ 116. Given below is a pedigree chart of family with five children. It shows the inheritance of attached ear-lobes as opposed to the free ones. The squares represent the male individuals and circles the female individuals.Which one of the following conclusions drawn is correct?

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(a) The parents are homozygous recessive. (b) The trait is Y-linked. (c) The parents are homozygous dominant. (d) The parents are heterozygous.

17 ➤ 117. Predict from the following chart

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(a) Character is dominant and carried by x chromosome. (b) Character is carried by y chromosome. (c) Character is sex-linked recessive. (d) Character is autosomal recessive.

18 ➤ 118. The pedigree shows the occurrence of albinism which is a recessive trait. If person 4 is homozygous, the carrier for the trait is

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(a) 1, 4, 5 and 6 (b) 5 and 6 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 5 and 6

19 ➤ 119. This is the pedigree for autosomal recessive disease albinism (aa). What is the probability of II-1 homozygous normal?

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(a) 1/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 2/3 (d) 1/4

20 ➤ 120. According to the given pedigree, the trait indicates

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A) B) C) D)

21 ➤ 121. Which of the given pedigree shows inheritance of autosomal recessive gene. What is the genotype of given parents?

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(a) AA, aa (b) Aa, AA (c) aa, aa (d) Aa, Aa

22 ➤ 122. A pedigree is shown below for a disease that is autosomal recessive. The genetic makeup of the first generation will be

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(a) AA, aa (b) Aa, Aa (c) Aa, aa (d) aa, aa

23 ➤ 123. 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio of progenies can be obtained if the plants employed for crossing are

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(A) TTRR × ttRR

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(B) TtRr × ttrr

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(C) TtRR × ttrr

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(D) Ttrr × ttRr

(a) A, C and D (b) A, B, C and D (c) B and D (d) A and B

24 ➤ 124. A pedigree is shown below for a disease that is autosomal dominant. The genetic makeup of the first generation is

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(a) AA, Aa (b) Aa, aa (c) Aa, AA (d) Aa, Aa

25 ➤ 125. Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycles results in the gain or loss of a chromosome(s) called

(a) Aneuploidy (b) Polyploidy (c) Trisomy (d) Nullisomy

26 ➤ 126. Down’s syndrome occurs due to the gain in extra copy of

(a) Chromosome 19 (b) Chromosome 5 (c) Chromosome 21 (d) Chromosome 24

27 ➤ 127. Turner’s syndrome occurs due to the loss of

(a) Chromosome 5 (b) Chromosome 21 (c) Chromosome ‘X’ (d) Chromosome ‘Y’

28 ➤ 128. How many sex chromosomes are present in human cell?

(a) 1 pair (b) 2 pairs (c) 3 pairs (d) 4 pairs

29 ➤ 129. Gynaecomastia is seen in case of

(a) Down’s syndrome (b) Klinefelter’s syndrome (c) Turner’s syndrome (d) All of these

30 ➤ 130. The following features belong to which syndrome? (A) Furrowed tongue (B) Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease (C) Physical, psychomotor and mental retardation (D) Short statured with small round head

(a) Down’s syndrome (b) AIDS (c) Turner’s syndrome (d) Klinefelter’s syndrome

31 ➤ 131. The below diagram shows which type of syndrome?

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(a) Down’s syndrome (b) Cri-du chat syndrome (c) PKU (d) Turner’s syndrome

32 ➤ 132. Increase in a whole set of chromosome in an organism is known as

(a) Polyploidy (b) Aneuploidy (c) Trisomy (d) Tetrasomy

33 ➤ 133. Langdon down described Down’s syndrome in which year

(a) 1866 (b) 1890 (c) 1852 (d) 1953

34 ➤ 134. Two allelic genes are located on

(a) The same chromosomes (b) Two homologous chromosomes (c) Two non-homologous chromosomes (d) Any two chromosomes

35 ➤ 135. In human beings, the colour of skin is controlled by

(a) Multiple alleles (b) Lethal genes (c) Polygenic effect (d) None of these

36 ➤ 136. Which of the following is genetically dominant in man?

(a) Colour blindness (b) Rh positive (c) Haemophilia (d) Albinism

37 ➤ 137. If a certain patient with blood group B requires immediate blood transfusion, the following type can be given to him

(a) O and B (b) O and AB (c) A and AB (d) B and AB

38 ➤ 138. Karyotype of Klinefelter’s syndrome is

(a) 44 + XXY (b) 44 + XO (c) 44 + XYY (d) 44 + XXXY

39 ➤ 139. Which is not a character of Klinefelter’s syndrome?

(a) Masculine development (b) Gynaecomastia (c) Fertile individual (d) Sterile individual

40 ➤ 140. All are characters of Down’s syndrome except

(a) Congenital heart disease (b) Broad flat face (c) Small and wrinkled tongue (d) Many ‘loops’ on finger tips

41 ➤ 141. Identify the syndrome of diagrams a and b, respectively

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(a) A: Down’s syndrome, B: Turner’s syndrome (b) A: Klinefelter’s syndrome, B: Turner’s syndrome (c) A: Turner’s syndrome, B: Klinefelter syndrome (d) A: Turner’s syndrome, B: Down’s syndrome

42 ➤ 142. Which karyotype present monosomy?

(a) 2n + 1 (b) 2n – 2 (c) 2n – 1 (d) 2n + 2

43 ➤ 143. Which karyotype represents trisomy?

(a) 2n + 1 (b) 2n – 2 (c) 2n – 1 (d) 2n + 2

44 ➤ 144. Find out the total number of Mendelian disorder from the following: Cystic Fibrosis, Haemophilia, Sickle cell anaemia, Colour blindness, Thalessemia, Phenylketonuria

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 3

45 ➤ 145. Which of the following is sex-linked recessive disorder?

(a) Myotonic dystrophy (b) Sickle-cell anaemia (c) Haemophilia (d) Phenylketonuria

46 ➤ 146. Which of the following is an autosomal dominant trait?

(a) Phenylketonuria (b) Sickle-cell anaemia (c) Haemophilia (d) Myotonic dystrophy

47 ➤ 147. Queen Victoria was a carrier of which disease?

(a) Myotonic dystrophy (b) Sickle-cell anaemia (c) Haemophilia (d) Phenylketonuria

48 ➤ 148. Sickle cell anaemia is caused by the substitution of Glutamic acid (Glue) by ________ at the sixth position of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule.

(a) Asn (Aspargine) (b) Gly (Glycine) (c) Arg (Argenine) (d) Val (Valine)

49 ➤ 149. Which enzyme is defective in PKU?

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A) B) C) D)

50 ➤ 150. Which of the following is true about Phenylketonuria?

(a) Mental retardation (b) Accumulation of phenylalanine and phenylpyruvic acid and other derivatives (c) Autosomal recessive trait (d) All the above

51 ➤ 151. The substitution of amino acid in the globin protein results due to the single bass substitution at the sixth codon of the beta globin gene from.

(a) GAG to GGG (b) CAG to GAG (c) GAG to GUG (d) GGC to GGA

52 ➤ 152. Which of the following amino acid is not present in fi rst six amino acids in aff ected β-chain of Haemoglobin?

(a) Val (b) Thr (c) Glu (d) Leu

53 ➤ 153. Identify A, B and C from the following diagram.

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(a) A: CTC; B: GAG; C: Glu (b) A: GAG; B: CTC; C: Pro (c) A: CTC; B: GAG; C: Thr (d) A: CTC; B: GAG; C: Leu

54 ➤ 154. Identify A, B and C from the following diagram.

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(a) A: CAC; B: GUG; C: Pro (b) A: CAC; B: GUG; C: Val (c) A: CTC, B: GUG, C: Leu (d) A: GAC, B: GUG, C: His

55 ➤ 155. Name the amino acid which has its 2 molecules present in the first 7 amino acid of β-chain of haemoglobin.

(a) Val (b) His (c) Leu (d) Glu

56 ➤ 156. Probability of which of the following is extremely rare?

(a) Carrier female in haemophilia (b) Carrier male in haemophilia (c) Affected male in haemophilia (d) Affected female in haemophilia

57 ➤ 157. In hemophilia how many proteins that is a part of the cascade of protein involved in clotting of blood aff ected?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) Multiple/many

58 ➤ 158. Diseased phenotype in sickle cell anaemia is shown by which of the following genotype?

(a) HbA HbA (b) HbS HbS (c) HbA HbS (d) All of above

59 ➤ 159. Variation in DNA is due to

(a) Mutation (b) Recombination (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

60 ➤ 160. Alteration in chromosome may be due to

(a) Deletion of a segment of DNA (b) Addition of segment of DNA (c) Duplication of segment of DNA (d) Any of these

61 ➤ 161. Deletion or insertion of base pairs of DNA causes

(a) Point mutation (b) Frameshift mutation (c) Transversion (d) All of these

62 ➤ 162. Find out the correct statement.

(a) UV radiation can cause mutation in organism. (b) Chromosomal aberration are commonly observed in cancer cells. (c) Mutation is a phenomenon which results in the alteration of DNA sequences and results in changes in the genotype and the phenotype of an organism. (d) All the above

63 ➤ 163. Mutation that arises due to the change in single base pair of DNA is known as

(a) Point mutation (b) Frameshift mutation (c) Silent mutation (d) Recombination

64 ➤ 164. A classical example of point mutation is

(a) Haemophilia (b) Sickle cell anaemia (c) Mangolism (d) Cri-du chat syndrome

65 ➤ 165. Which of the following disorders is not hereditary?

(a) Haemophilia (b) Cataract (c) Sickle-cell anaemia (d) Colour blindness

66 ➤ 166. A pleiotropic gene is one which

(a) Affects one character (b) Affects more than one characters (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

67 ➤ 167. Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder of

(a) Trisomic condition (b) Monosomic condition (c) Autosomal dominant gene (d) Autosomal recessive gene

68 ➤ 168. Which of the following is not X-linked recessive?

(a) Haemophilia-A (b) Colour blindness (c) BETA-Thalassemia (d) G-6 PD deficiency

69 ➤ 169. Monosomy and trisomy can be represented as

(a) 2n + 1, 2n + 3 (b) 2n – 1, 2n – 2 (c) 2n, 2n + 1 (d) 2n – 1, 2n + 1

70 ➤ 170. Which result proved that there was no blending in Mendelian Cross?

(a) Filial1 progeny of monohybrid cross (b) Filial2 progeny of dihybrid cross (c) Filial1 progeny of dihybrid cross (d) All of these

71 ➤ 171. F2 progeny of Mendelian monohybrid cross between tall and dwarf plant is made up of

(a) Tall plant, identical to their parental type (b) Dwarf plant, identical to their parental type (c) Plant with intermediate light were produced (d) Both (a) and (b)

72 ➤ 172. Select the incorrect statement.

(a) Capital latter is used to denote dominant trait. (b) Small latter is used to denote recessive trait. (c) True breeding variety is represented by similar allele pair of gene. (d) Alleles are completely similar forms of the same genes.

73 ➤ 173. Punnett was

(a) Italian botanist (b) British geneticist (c) American geneticist (d) Austrian geneticist

74 ➤ 174. What is the genotype ratio of Mendelian monohybrid cross?

(a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 3 : 2

75 ➤ 175. Mendel found that the F1 always resembled either one of the parents and that the trait of the other parent was not seen in them. This is due to

(a) Segregation (b) Dominance (c) Partial dominance (d) Unit factor

76 ➤ 176. In monohybrid cross, the proportion of 3 : 1 explains

(a) Dominance (b) Segregation (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Unit factor

77 ➤ 177. In Morgan’s experiment, what will be the percentage of recombination in case of body colour and eye colour?

(a) 37.2% (b) 1.3% (c) 98.7% (d) 37.2%

78 ➤ 178. Which symbol of pedigree is correctly matched?

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A) B) C) D)

79 ➤ 179. Which of the following was/were applied first time to problems in biology during Mendel’s investigations into inheritance?

(a) Statistical analysis (b) Mathematical logic (c) Computational devices (d) Both (a) and (b)

80 ➤ 180. Mendel proposed how many general rules to consolidate his understanding of inheritance in monohybrid cross?

(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) None of the rules, he proposed laws/principles

81 ➤ 181. In the theoretical explanation of allelic interaction for dominant and recessive forms, the recessive trait is seen due to the production of

(a) Normal or less efficient enzyme (b) A non-functional enzyme (c) No enzyme production (d) Either (b) or (c)

82 ➤ 182. Genes responsible for ABO blood group determines which of the following biomolecules of RBC plasma membrane?

(a) Phospholipid (b) Proteins (c) Sugars (d) Cholesterols

83 ➤ 183. The shape of seed depends on starch granules size; so inheritance of seed shape shows ________ relationship, while inheritance of starch grains show ________.

(a) Dominant recessive, codominance (b) Incomplete dominance, codominance (c) Dominant-recessive, incomplete dominance (d) Codominance, incomplete dominance

84 ➤ 184. If yellow body, white eyed drosophila is crossed with wild brown body red eyes drosophila. Then what would be the frequency of recombinants in F1 generation?

(a) 100% (b) 1.3% (c) 98.7% (d) 0%

85 ➤ 185. Chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in

(a) Germinal cells (b) Cancer cells (c) Nail base cells (d) Gametes

86 ➤ 186. Which of the following cell cycle event is responsible for polyploidy phenomenon?

(a) Failure of karyokinesis (b) Failure of cytokinesis (c) Failure of segregation (d) Failure of spindle apparatus

87 ➤ 187. Match the following

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A. Haemophilia -1. Board palm with characteristic palm creased

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B. Down’s syndrome - 2. Delayed clotting of blood

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C. Klinefelter’s syndrome - 3. However feminine development

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D. Turner’s Syndrome - 4. Rudimentary ovaries.

(a) A : 1; B : 3; C : 2; D : 4 (b) A : 2; B : 1; C : 3; D : 4 (c) A : 4; B : 2; C : 1; D : 3 (d) A : 1; B : 2; C : 3; D : 4

88 ➤ 188. Mendel’s Law of independent assortment holds good for genes situated on the

(a) Non-homologous chromosomes (b) Homologous chromosomes (c) Extra nuclear genetic element (d) Same chromosome

89 ➤ 189. Occasionally, a single gene may express more than one effect. The phenomenon is called

(a) Multiple allelism (b) Mosaicism (c) Pleiotropy (d) Polygeny

90 ➤ 190. In a certain taxon of insects, some have 17 chromosomes and the others have 18 chromosomes. The 17 and 18 chromosome bearing organisms are

(a) Males and females, respectively (b) Females and males, respectively (c) All males (d) All females

91 ➤ 191. The inheritance pattern of a gene over generations among humans is studied by the pedigree analysis. Character studied in the pedigree analysis is equivalent to

(a) Quantitative trait (b) Mendelian trait (c) Polygenic trait (d) Maternal trait

92 ➤ 192. It is said that Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete and independent. This proposition was based on the

(a) Results of F3 generation of a cross. (b) Observations that the offsprings of a cross made between the plants having two contrasting characters show only one character without any blending. (c) Self-pollination of F1 offsprings. (d) Cross-pollination of parental generations.

93 ➤ 193. Two genes ‘A’ and ‘BA’ are linked. In a dihybrid cross involving these two genes, the F1 heterozygote is crossed with homozygous recessive parental type (aa bb). What would be the ratio of offspring in the next generation?

(a) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 (b) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 1

94 ➤ 194. In the F2 generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross, the number of phenotypes and genotypes are

(a) phenotypes-4; genotypes-16 (b) phenotypes-9; genotypes-4 (c) phenotypes-4; genotypes-8 (d) phenotypes-4; genotypes-9

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